A matsayin maƙasudin sarrafa kayan aiki a cikin kayan aikin masana'antu, juriya na lalata kayan hannu na bakin karfe kai tsaye yana ƙayyade dogaro da rayuwar sabis na kayan aiki a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Tare da saurin haɓaka masana'antar sinadarai, injiniyan ruwa, kayan aikin likitanci da sauran fannoni, ana sanya buƙatu mafi girma akan kwanciyar hankali na ƙafafun hannu na bakin karfe a ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayin aiki kamar acid mai ƙarfi, feshin gishiri mai ƙarfi, zafin jiki mai ƙarfi da matsa lamba. Wannan labarin zai bincika tsarin juriya na lalata kayan hannu na bakin karfe daga ma'aunin abun da ke ciki, jiyya ta sama, daidaita yanayin muhalli da sabbin fasahohi, da kuma tattauna ƙwanƙolin fasaha da mafita a hade tare da ayyukan masana'antu.
Abubuwan da ke ciki
1. Core kayan da kuma lalata juriya hanyoyin na bakin karfe handwheels
1.1 Austenitic bakin karfe (304/316L)
1.2 Duplex bakin karfe da super bakin karfe
2. Sakamakon fasaha na jiyya na saman akan juriya na lalata
3. Yin aiki a cikin yanayi mara kyau
4. Yanayin gazawar lalata da dabarun kariya
1. Core kayan da kuma lalata juriya hanyoyin na bakin karfe handwheels
1.1 Austenitic bakin karfe (304/316L)
Halayen kayan aiki:
304 bakin karfe:ya ƙunshi 18-20% chromium da 8-10% nickel, da kuma samar da wani m chromium oxide film (Cr₂O₃) a kan surface, wanda zai iya tsayayya da lalata a cikin yanayi, sabo ruwa da kuma rauni acid muhalli, da aka yadu amfani a general masana'antu kayan aiki.
316L bakin karfe:Ƙara 2-3% molybdenum (Mo) yana inganta ikon yin tsayayya da lalata chloride ion pitting lalata, kuma matsanancin zafin jiki (CPT) zai iya kaiwa sama da digiri 40 , wanda ya dace da yanayi mai tsanani kamar ruwan teku da kuma chloride kafofin watsa labarai.
Tsarin juriya na lalata:
Kariyar fim ɗin wucewa:Chromium yana amsawa tare da iskar oxygen don samar da fim ɗin oxide 1-3 nanometer lokacin farin ciki, yana toshe shigar da kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata.
Daidaita Element:Molybdenum yana hana adsorption ion chloride ta hanyar samar da MoO₄²⁻, kuma nickel yana daidaita tsarin austenite don rage haɗarin lalata intergranular.
1.2 Duplex bakin karfe da super bakin karfe
Duplex bakin karfe (kamar 2205):
Ferrite da austenite dual{0}tsarin lokaci, tare da babban ƙarfi da juriya ga lalata damuwa na chloride (SCC), ƙarfin ƙarfin 450MPa, dacewa da ƙafafun ƙafafu na dandamali na waje.
Super bakin karfe (kamar 254SMO):
Ya ƙunshi 6% molybdenum da nitrogen, tare da pitting juriya daidai (PREN) Ya fi ko daidai da 40. Ana iya amfani da shi na dogon lokaci a cikin babban taro hydrochloric acid da sulfuric acid mahalli kuma ana amfani dashi don daidaitattun ƙafafun hannu a cikin injiniyoyin sinadarai.
2. Tasirin fasahar jiyya na saman akan juriya na lalata
Electrolytic polishing:
Rage ƙarancin ƙasa (Ra) zuwa ƙasa da 0.4μm, rage manne datti da lalata na gida, kuma ya dace da yanayin bakararre na kayan aikin magunguna.
Yashi:
Ƙara taurin saman ƙasa da sa juriya, amma tsarin microporous na iya tsananta shigar da ions chloride, kuma ana buƙatar magani na wucewa.
Ƙimar kimiyya:
Yin nutsewa a cikin nitric acid ko citric acid yana haɓaka ƙimar fim ɗin oxide kuma yana inganta kwanciyar hankali na ƙafar hannu a cikin yanayin acidic.
3. Yin aiki a cikin yanayi mara kyau
3.1 Ruwa da yanayin feshin gishiri mai girma
Kalubalen lalata:
Chloride ions (Cl⁻) yana lalata fim ɗin wucewa, yana haifar da lalata da ɓarna. Rayuwar 316L bakin karfe handwheels iya isa fiye da 3000 hours a cikin gishiri fesa gwajin (ASTM B117).
Magani:
Use molybdenum-containing materials (such as 316L), and the flow rate design is >1.5m/s don rage yawan tara ruwa da kuma guje wa hulɗa kai tsaye tsakanin ƙafar hannu da carbon karfe don haifar da lalata galvanic.
3.2 Ƙarfin acid da ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin sinadarai na alkali
Matsakaicin acidic (irin su sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid):
Adadin lalata na 316L bakin karfe handwheel a cikin sulfuric acid tare da maida hankali na<15% is <0.1mm/year, but Hastelloy or titanium materials need to be used instead in hydrochloric acid environment.
Matsakaicin alkaline (kamar NaOH):
Austenitic bakin karfe za a iya amfani da stably a maida hankali na 50% kuma a kasa 105 digiri , amma high zafin jiki karfi alkali ne yiwuwa ga danniya lalata fatattaka (SCC), da zafi magani tsari bukatar da za a inganta.
3.3 Matsanancin yanayin zafi mai zafi, matsa lamba da ƙananan zafin jiki
Yanayin zafi mai girma (har zuwa digiri 300):
304 bakin karfe handwheel iya a hankali a karkashin ci gaba high zafin jiki, haifar da intergranular lalata, da low carbon (304L) ko stabilized (321) kayan ake bukata.
Aikace-aikacen ƙananan zafin jiki (kamar -196 digiri na ruwa nitrogen kayan aiki):
Austenitic bakin karfe (kamar 316L) ba shi da sanyi gaggautsa sauyi, kuma tasirin taurin riƙewa shine 80%, wanda ya dace da madaidaicin iskar gas bawul ɗin hannu.
4. Yanayin gazawar lalata da dabarun kariya
Hanyoyin gazawar gama gari:
Pitting: Fim ɗin wucewa na gida yana fashewa don samar da ƙananan batura, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin manyan mahalli na chlorine kuma ana iya rage shi ta hanyar ƙara abun ciki na molybdenum ko saman rufin (kamar PTFE).
Damuwa lalata fata (SCC):A ƙarƙashin aikin haɗin gwiwar chloride da damuwa mai ƙarfi, ƙimar haɓakar haɓakar 316L ta hannu a cikin yanayin NH4Cl ya kai 10⁻⁶ mm/s, kuma ana buƙatar guje wa ragowar damuwa.
Fasahar kariya:
Kariyar Cathode: Shigar da tubalan zinc a cikin yanayin ruwan teku don rage ƙarfin hannu zuwa ƙasa -0.85V (vs. SCE).
Kariyar sutura: Ana amfani da suturar Plasma ta Al₂O₃, tare da juriya na zafin jiki na digiri 800 da raguwar lalatawar 90%.
5. Abubuwan aikace-aikacen masana'antu da jagorar zaɓi
Masana'antar sinadarai:
Reactor na phosphoric acid na shuka sinadarai yana amfani da 254SMO super bakin karfe handwheels, kuma an tsawaita rayuwar sabis ɗin zuwa shekaru 10 a cikin yanayi na digiri 85 da 40% phosphoric acid.
Injiniyan ruwa:
The handwheel na bawul na teku dandali na amfani da duplex bakin karfe 2205, wanda yana da gishiri fesa juriya da cewa shi ne sau 3 mafi girma fiye da na 304, da kuma tabbatarwa sake zagayowar an kara zuwa 5 shekaru.
Sigar zaɓi:
Dacewar kafofin watsa labarai: Koma zuwa ƙimar PREN (PREN{0}}%Cr+3.3×%Mo+16×%N), PREN＞35 ya dace da yanayin chlorine mai girma.
Kaddarorin injina: Tauri na 316L wheelwheels dole ne su kai HV150-200 don guje wa lalacewa da gazawar hatimi.
6. Hanyoyin ci gaban fasaha na gaba
Hannun ƙafafun sa ido na hankali:
Haɗaɗɗen na'urori masu auna firikwensin lalata suna saka idanu akan yuwuwar saman da kuma rashin lafiyar membrane a cikin ainihin lokaci, kuma suna yin gargaɗi game da haɗarin lalata ta hanyar Intanet na Abubuwa.
Maganin saman da ke da alaƙa da muhalli:
Ƙirƙirar chromium{0}} hanyoyin wucewa kyauta (kamar silane magani) don rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen chromium da bi umarnin RoHS.
Aikace-aikacen kayan da aka haɗa:
Fiber Carbon Ƙarfafa bakin karfe (CF{0}}SS) ƙafafun hannu suna da ƙarfin 50% da raguwar nauyi 30%, kuma sun dace da ainihin kayan aikin sararin samaniya.
Takaitawa
Juriya na lalata kayan hannu na bakin karfe ya dogara da zaɓin kayan aiki, jiyya na ƙasa da daidaitawar muhalli. A cikin matsanancin yanayi irin su tekuna da sinadarai, 316L da bakin karfe na duplex suna nuna kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar kariyar fim ɗin wucewa da haɓaka gami, amma ku yi hankali da ramuka da haɗarin lalata lalata. A nan gaba, aikace-aikacen sa ido na hankali da kayan da ke da alaƙa da muhalli za su inganta haɓakar ƙafafun hannu zuwa babban aminci da ƙarancin kulawa. Zaɓin da ya dace yana buƙatar cikakken la'akari da halaye na matsakaici, nauyin inji da abubuwan farashi don haɓaka aikin gabaɗayan tsarin rayuwa.
Bayanin Samfura
1: Wani nau'i na bakin karfe yawanci ana amfani dashi a masana'antar hannu ta bakin karfe?
A1: Bakin karfe handwheels yawanci sanya daga maki kamar 304 da 316 bakin karfe juriya da karko.
2: Abin da surface gama zažužžukan suna samuwa ga bakin karfe handwheels?
A2: Abubuwan gama gari gama gari sun haɗa da goge-goge, goge-goge, ko filaye da aka goge, samar da siffa mai santsi da ƙayatarwa.
3: Za a iya tsara ƙira da girma na ƙafafun hannu na bakin karfe don dacewa da takamaiman aikace-aikace?
A3: Ee, ana iya keɓance ƙafafun hannu ta fuskar girma, siffa, girma da ƙima, har ma da kwarjinin alamomi dangane da buƙatun mai siye.
4: Menene nauyin ɗaukar nauyin ƙafafun ƙafafu na bakin karfe, kuma yaya dorewa suke a aikace-aikace daban-daban?
A4: Stainless steel handwheels are designed to withstand varying loads depending on their size and construction. An san su da tsayin daka da juriya ga lalacewa da tsagewa.
