Wuraren hannu kayan aiki ne masu amfani don aikace-aikace iri-iri a cikin masana'antu. Ko da yake ana amfani da su sosai, aikace-aikace daban-daban na iya buƙatar ƙafafun hannu daban-daban. Misali, keken hannu da aka yi amfani da shi don babban injina a cikin yanayi mai tsauri maiyuwa ba zai zama keken hannu iri ɗaya da ake amfani da shi don ƙaramin injin ɗin ɗinki a yanayi na yau da kullun ba. A takaice dai, yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi kayan aikin da ya dace don aikin da ya dace.
Dabarun hannuMa'anarsa- A taƙaice, ƙafafun hannu sune abubuwan sarrafawa da aka yi da wata dabaran da hannu ke sarrafawa. An ƙirƙira ƙafafun injin hannu don daidaitawa da matsawa ta hanyar jujjuyawa kuma ana amfani da su akai-akai don daidaita bawul, matsi, da abubuwan injin.
Masu zanen injuna, injiniyoyin inji, ma'aikatan gyarawa, da sauran ƙwararrun ƙwararrun fasaha sun fahimci mahimmancin manyan ƙafafun masana'antu masu nauyi don aikace-aikace da yawa. Ba wai kawai yana da mahimmanci a gane lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙafar hannu ba, amma wane nau'in ƙafar hannu zai fi dacewa da aikace-aikacen. Zaɓin madaidaicin ƙafar hannu yana da mahimmanci saboda ɓangaren zai sami tasiri kai tsaye akan daidaito, aikin aiki, da aminci gabaɗaya.
Don taimakawa wajen zabar madaidaicin dabarar hannu, za mu yi la'akari da kyau:
1.Ayyukan Hannu, Girma, Kayayyaki & Salo
4.Tsarin Hannu: Bores, Keyways da Broaching
5.Kayayyaki masu alaƙa & Na'urorin haɗi
6.Ka'idojin Hannu da Masana'antu
Ayyukan Dabarun Hannu, Girma, Kayayyaki & Salo
Manufar wheel wheel shine don kammala aikin da ake so ko aiki, kuma waɗannan ayyukan sun bambanta dangane da kowace aikace-aikacen. Mafi yawan ayyuka guda biyu na abin hannu na inji sun haɗa da daidaita bawul da injunan daidaitawa. Daidaita bawul ya ƙunshi motsi na hannu zuwa ko dai buɗe ko rufe bawul, wanda ke sarrafa kwararar abu (ruwa ko iska). Gyaran injina sun haɗa da motsin hannu don yin daidaitattun canje-canje ko gyare-gyare.
Tare da wannan bambancin a cikin aikin da ake so, akwai da yawa daban-dabanmasu girma dabam, kayan aiki, kumasalona wheelwheels don dacewa da kowane aikace-aikacen.
Girman Dabarun Hannu
Ƙananan Diamita Na Hannu: Ana amfani dashi a aikace-aikace masu buƙatar ƙarfi kaɗan kuma yawanci ana iya sarrafa su da yatsu ko hannu ɗaya. Ana yin ƙananan ƙafafun ƙafafu na hannu da nauyi mai nauyi kamar filastik.
Manyan Diamita na Hannu: Ana amfani dashi a aikace-aikace masu buƙatar ƙarfi mai nauyi. Ana yin manyan ƙafafun ƙafafu na hannu da ƙarfi kamar ƙarfe na ƙarfe.
Kayan Hannun Hannu
Bakin Karfe wheelwheels ne mai kyau zabi ga ayyuka bukatar high ƙarfi da karko. Suna da juriya ga nakasawa kuma suna samuwa a cikin chrome da sauran ƙare, amma suna da nauyi idan nauyi ya kasance factor.
Aluminumƙafafun hannu sun fi simintin gyaran kafa - ƙarfe kuma sun fi juriya ga oxidation (tsatsa). Idan ana buƙatar wutar lantarki ko yanayin zafi, aluminum na iya zama zaɓi mai kyau.
Filastik ƙafafun hannu suna da ɗorewa kuma suna iya tsayayya da kaushi, mai, maiko, da sauran sinadarai. Zaɓuɓɓukan gyare-gyare na iya haɗawa da riko da ƙugiya waɗanda ke inganta ƙarfin aiki da inganci ko da lokacin safofin hannu. Filastik gabaɗaya suna da ƙarin launi da zaɓin rubutu idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe.
Duroplasticƙafafun hannu sun haɗa da gilashin{0}} ko nailan{1}}ƙarfafawar fiber don inganta ƙarfi da dorewa.
Bakin Karfeƙafafun hannu na iya zama tasiri ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar alkali da sauran juriya na sinadarai. Gyaran simintin gyare-gyare na iya haɗawa da hannaye mai juyawa, riko, da sauran zaɓuɓɓukan ƙira.
Karfeƙafafun hannu, yayin da ƙasa da lalata{0}} fiye da bakin karfe, na iya zama kyakkyawan zaɓi mai tsayi{1}}ƙarfi da zaɓin matsa lamba.
Salon Dabarun Hannu
Yawancin la'akari sun dace lokacin kwatanta nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan hannu. Waɗannan la'akari sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance ga; Girman aikin, sojojin da aka yi amfani da su, kusurwar kusanci, buƙatun tsafta, yanayin kyan gani, da sauransu. A ƙasa muna tattauna nau'ikan salon ƙafafun hannu kuma muna ba da la'akari mai amfani na kowane:
An yi magana Ƙafafun hannu sau da yawa suna da sauƙi fiye da ƙaƙƙarfan, lebur - ƙafafun faifan hannu kuma suna iya ɗaukar manyan buƙatun juzu'i musamman masu girma dabam. Kamar yadda masu magana ke buɗe ƙira, ƙila za a yi la'akari da yuwuwar maƙiyan tsintsin ruwa idan buƙatun aminci sun yi tsauri.
Flatwheelwheels su ne ƙaƙƙarfan sifofi waɗanda za su iya aiki azaman ƙulli ko ƙugiya ban da dabaran.
DishedAna kiran ƙafafun hannu saboda an kashe diamita na waje don aiki ko dalilai na ado. Ana iya yin magana ko kauri.
Kamun aminciƙafafun hannu sun haɗa da tsarin kamawa wanda ke hana ƙafar hannu daga juyawa tare da mandrel yayin da injin ke aiki, yana kare mai aiki. Dangane da ƙira, tura ƙafar hannu zuwa madaidaicin (ko jan ƙafar hannu) yana 'yantar da kama don yin gyare-gyare.
EMW da IR monospokedwheelwheels suna da fasalin buɗewa U{0} don samun dama ga axial da kuma hana yatsu daga zamewa.
Handle vs No Handwheels
Wasu aikace-aikacen suna buƙatar keken hannu ba tare da abin hannu ba lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙarin motsin sitiyari, yayin da mafi girma{0}} yanayi na iya buƙatar hannu don sauƙin aiki. Hannu na iya zama ƙarfe ko robobi, mai jujjuyawa ko mara -mai juyawa, inji{3}mai zare ko latsa{4}}mai dacewa, kuma ana iya ƙirƙira shi don jin daɗin riko da hannaye ko safar hannu. Wani abin la'akari da ergonomic don kiyayewa shine cewa rike ta dabi'a protrusion ne kuma ana iya bayyana shi azaman haɗarin aminci a wasu mahalli. Ofayan zaɓi don magance wannan ita ce madaidaicin madaidaicin ko “aminci”, wanda ke ninkewa cikin jikin ƙafafun hannu bayan amfani. A ƙasa muna tattauna nau'ikan salon hannu da ke akwai kuma muna ba da la'akari mai amfani na kowane:
Babu -Kwayoyin hannu: Mafi dacewa don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar motsi mai kama da sitiya.
Ninka -Tafarkun Hannu masu nisa:Akwai manyan nau'ikan ninka guda biyu - nesa, atomatik da kuma na hannu.
Ninkewa ta atomatik -hannun nesaana kulle su a wuri lokacin da mai aiki ya ja shi sama ya tura axially zuwa wheel wheel. Lokacin da aka gama aiki tare da amfani, hannun yana buɗewa kuma zai dawo cikin rami.
Ninke hannu -hannun nesa Ana amfani da su ta hanyar ɗaga hannun don kulle shi a wuri da tura hannun baya cikin rami idan an gama.
Dabarun Hannun Juyawa:Mafi dacewa don ƙananan ƙafafun hannu inda ake buƙatar sarrafawa kuma buƙatun ƙarfin ƙarfi ya yi ƙasa.
Dabarun Hannun Rikon Yatsa: Waɗannan ƙafafun ƙafafu suna da gefuna na waje ko na waje kuma ana amfani da su don ƙarin sarrafawa da riko. Ana samun sau da yawa tare da ba tare da hannu ba.
Hub Styles
Tun da ƙafafun hannu sukan juya zuwa bangarorin biyu, daidaitaccen daidaitawa yana nuna cewa an ɗora su zuwa sandar kuma suna juyawa ta tsakiya. Lokacin zabar dabarar hannu yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ana iya buƙatar cire ƙafafun hannu kuma a sake shigar da{1} lokacin da ake yin hidima. Ana matse wasu cibiyoyi a kan sandunan ramuka, wasu kuma zaren zare a yi su a ciki, wasu kuma ana iya yin walda. Wurin zaɓaɓɓen abin hannu yana da mahimmanci mai mahimmanci lokacin zabar abin hannu don yabon injuna daban-daban. Salon cibiyar sadarwa sun haɗa da:
Dabarun Handwheel na Square Hub
Hex Hub Handwheel
Half{0}}Da'irar Hannun hannu
Screw Set Hub Handwheel
Shiri Na Hannu: Bores, Keyways da Broaching
Bores
Bore shine ramin da aka samu a tsakiyar keken hannu. A al'ada bores rami ne mai sauƙi wanda ke tafiya kai tsaye ta cikin keken hannu. An ƙera ramukan burtsatse ta hanyoyi da yawa don ba da damar cire ƙafafun hannu, da kuma sanya su, kamar yadda ake buƙata don aikace-aikace daban-daban. Ana buƙatar a iya cire ƙafafun hannu, amma kuma suna buƙatar kulle su don kunna cikin nasara. Mun haɗa da ƙirar gama gari a ƙasa:
Hudu mai ɗari huɗu tare da saita dunƙule
Rabin murabba'in murabba'in tare da saita dunƙule
Tapered shaft tare da kulle kulle
Shaft mai zare tare da kulle kulle
Danna madaidaicin shaft
Shaft ɗin da aka kaka
Keyway fit shaft
Keyways
Kera hanyar maɓalli, ko haɗa maɓalli a kan ƙafafun hannu, na iya zama fasali mai amfani. A cikin injiniyan injiniya, maɓalli yana haɗa nau'in na'ura mai jujjuya zuwa sanda. Maɓallin yana hana jujjuyawar dangi tsakanin sassan biyu kuma yana ba da damar watsa juzu'i. Don maɓalli ya yi aiki, maɓalli da na'ura mai jujjuya dole ne su kasance suna da hanyar maɓalli da wurin zama, wanda shine ramin da aljihun da maɓallin ya dace. A sauƙaƙe, ana sanya ƙafar hannu a kan ramin, kuma ana tura maɓalli a cikin raminsa don a kulle shi a wurin. Mun haɗa nau'ikan maɓalli gama gari a ƙasa:
Ramin gundura
Ramin gundura tare da keyway
Ramin gundura tare da saitin ramin kan maɓalli
Ramin gundura tare da rami mai saiti
Ramin gundura tare da saita ramuka 2 a digiri 90
Broaching
Ana amfani da bututun hannu da farko don yanke madaukai{0}} hanyoyin ciki masu kusurwa. Ana amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙasidar, bushing da jagora ga kowane yanki da aka ba da maɓalli{2}, wanda ke sa wannan tsari ya fi tsada fiye da mafi yawan hanyoyin, kamar niƙa. Duk da haka, yana iya samar da mafi kyawun hanyar maɓalli daga cikin dukkan matakai.
NOTE: Za ku sami yawancin masu samar da keken hannu suna jigilar samfuran su ba a gama ba don abokan ciniki don injin kansu ko nemo wasu hanyoyin da za a gyara, wanda zai iya shafar inganci da aiki da ƙara farashi.
Hangzhou Xiaoshan Chuangye MetalƘaddamarwa za ta yi aiki tare da ku don tabbatar da mafi kyawun samfurin don aikace-aikacenku, wannan ya haɗa da samar da ƙarin machining, hakowa, tapping, gyare-gyare, da zaɓin ƙarewa.
Samfura masu alaƙa & Na'urorin haɗi
Sau da yawa, ana buƙatar ƙarin abubuwan haɓaka don haɓaka aminci, inganci da sauƙin amfani.
Abun cikitsakanin keken hannu da sandarsa na iya ba da motsi mai sauƙi kuma ya ba da ƙarin kwanciyar hankali da sarrafawa.
Manufofin Matsayisuna da saitin kayan aiki wanda zai iya daidaita tazara tsakanin rollers, buɗaɗɗen bawul da rufewa da kuma ƙirgawa da saka idanu aikace-aikacen motsi{{0}.
Zoben karatun digiriza a iya shigar da ƙafafun hannu don madaidaicin matsayi na nuni. Wani matsayi{1}yana nuni da ƙafafun hannu suna da bugun kira ko wasu fuskoki don nuna daidai matsayi na sandar sarrafawa da baiwa mai aiki damar komawa zuwa waɗannan saitunan daidai ba tare da zato ba.
Crank Handlesƙarawa zuwa abin hannu yana ba da damar za a iya jujjuya ƙafafun a cikin sauri fiye da sauri. Wannan ya faru ne saboda karuwar karfin da ake yi.
Kamewa
Daidaitaccen Maɓallan Shaft
Ka'idodin Hannu da Masu Kera
Dangane da aikace-aikacenku (da wurin ku), ƙa'idodin masana'antu sun wanzu dangane da ƙira da aiki na ƙafafun hannu kuma suna iya samar da bayanai masu fa'ida sosai:
TheCibiyar Matsayin Ƙasa ta Amirka (ANSI)ya kafa kuma yana ba da ƙa'idodi don masana'antu a Amurka. Yawancin waɗannan suna da alaƙa da aminci, musamman ma wuraren da alamomi da alamun ke da alaƙa dangane da sarrafa hannu da injina.
MIL H-9859ƙayyadaddun soja ne wanda ke rufe ƙafafu na kasuwanci inci uku a diamita ko mafi girma, an ƙera shi don watsa ikon hannu zuwa sanda. Ya dace da yin kwangila ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro (DOD) da duk sassanta da hukumominta.
GOSTyana nufin saitin ƙa'idodin fasaha waɗanda Tarayyar Turai - Majalisar Asiya ta Ƙaddamarwa, Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru da Takaddun shaida (EASC), ƙungiyar ƙa'idodin yanki ke aiki ƙarƙashin inuwar Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). GOST 31.0101.01 ya haɗa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayatattun ƙafafun hannu da kuma levers da riguna. GOST 21752 yayi bayanin buƙatun ergonomic gabaɗaya don ƙafafun hannu.
MSS SP-91-2009mizani ne da ƙungiyar Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valves and Fittings Industry da ke Vienna, Virginia ta bayar, dangane da ƙa'idodin sarrafa bawuloli. Yana da amfani don daidaita ƙafafun hannu don aikin bawul.
TheHarkokin Dan Adam da Ergonomics Society (HFES)(hfes.org) wadataccen albarkatu ne na ergonomics da ra'ayoyin abubuwan ɗan adam kamar la'akari da ƙarfin ɗan adam, kusurwar tsari, ƙarfin aiki, da sauran batutuwan da suka shafi ɗan adam har ma da sarrafa kayan aiki.
TheGudanar da Tsaro da Lafiya na Ma'aikata (OSHA)reshe ne na Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka. Ana iya samun bayanai da yawa dangane da ƙirar injin masana'antu mai aminci daga wannan ƙungiyar.
Manyan masana'antun hannu na cikin gida da na duniya sun haɗa daHangzhou Xiaoshan Chuangye Metal Processing Co., Ltd.,Elesa, Flair Industries, JW Winco, Jergens, Kipp, da Valtra.
